Bagaimana Kehalalan Maltodekstrin?
oleh : Dr. Suryani, SP, MSc

Permen, Cokelat, Karamel. Yummy, siapa yang tak kenal camilan manis ini
Rasanya yang manis, legit, lezat, dengan beragam bentuknya yang cantik tentu membuat banyak orang terpikat. Tak heran jika camilan ini menarik minat masyarakat dari beragam kalangan, usia, bahkan profesi. Apalagi, harga yang disajikan pun beragam, sehingga bisa disesuaikan dengan kantong masing-masing orang.
Meski begitu, sebagai konsumen muslim tentu kita perlu waspada dengan kandungan dalam makanan atau minuman yang kita konsumsi. Nah, salah satu bahan yang sering digunakan dalam permen, cokelat, atau karamel adalah maltodekstrin atau glukosa. Bahan ini berfungsi untuk melapisi produk agar tahan lama dan terlihat mengilap, sehingga memberikan tampilan menarik bagi konsumen.
Dr. Suryani, SP., M.Sc, dosen Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, juga terlibat di Pusat Kajian Halal IPB, sekaligus auditor halal LPPOM MUI, menjelaskan bahwa maltodekstrin merupakan produk modifikasi pati yang digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan dan memiliki aplikasi luas dalam industri pangan maupun obat-obatan. Bahan baku pembuatan maltodekstrin bersumber dari pati tanaman, seperti pati jagung, singkong, kentang, atau pati ubi.
Pembuatan maltodekstrin yang bersumber dari pati tanaman dapat dilakukan secara hidrolisis dengan menggunakan asam (bahan kimia) atau secara enzimatis. Fungsinya untuk memotong pati tanaman menjadi lebih sederhana. Hidrolisis dengan asam menghasilkan pemotongan yang tidak spesifik. Karena itu, hidrolisis menggunakan enzim yang paling diminati industri. Adapun sumber enzim bisa berasal dari tumbuhan, hewan, dan mikrobial.
“Jika sumber enzim berasal dari tumbuhan, maka proses ekstraksi atau isolasi enzim perlu menjadi perhatian. Terkait pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi/mengendapkan enzimnya, jika yang digunakan berupa etanol maka sumber etanol harus dipastikan bukan berasal dari industri minuman beralkohol (khamar),” papar Suryani.
Adapun enzim yang berasal dari hewan harus dipastikan berasal dari hewan halal yang disembelih sesuai syariat Islam. Enzim yang dihasilkan dari mikroba harus memperhatikan semua unsur penyusun media untuk pertumbuhan mikroba, mulai dari media penyegaran hingga media produksi atau fermentasi, juga harus diperhatikan kehalalannya.
Proses pemanenan dan pemurnian enzim juga tak boleh luput dari pantauan. Harus dipastikan bahan tambahan atau penolong yang digunakan bebas dari unsur keharaman. Salah satu yang berisiko adalah proses pemurnian maltodekstrin yang bisa melibatkan penggunaan arang aktif (karbon aktif). Bahan ini harus dipastikan bukan berasal dari barang haram atau najis.
Namun, kita tak perlu khawatir dengan hal tersebut. Di Indonesia sudah tersedia beragam permen, cokelat, maupun karamel yang sudah bersertifikat atau berlabel halal MUI. Artinya, semua zat yang terkandung dalam produk tersebut, termasuk maltodekstrin, sudah dapat dipastikan kehalalannya. Kini, konsumsi produk halal mudah bukan? (YN)
Sumber : https://www.halalmui.org/mui14/main/detail/bagaimana-kehalalan-maltodekstrin
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